When Food Can Be Fatal: Recovery from Emaciation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v24.187Keywords:
Refeeding syndrome, emaciation, starvation, wildlife rehabilitationAbstract
With the approach of winter, we can expect to admit increasing numbers of animals that have not been able to find sufficient food. With starvation comes emaciation—the loss of body fat and, as starvation continues, lean body mass. Progressive emaciation is sometimes categorized by amount of weight loss. However, the degree of emaciation in a given animal cannot be determined on the basis of body weight alone, because what is ‘normal’ for a given species depends on factors such as geographical location, time of year, and the sex of the animal. Gross signs of emaciation include prominent ribs (mammals) or keel (birds), and wasting leg muscles (reptiles).
Downloads
References
Brooks, M., and G. Melnik. 1995. The refeeding syndrome: An approach to understanding its complications and preventing its occurrence. Pharmacotherapy. 15(6):713–726.
Crook, M., V. Hally, and J. Panteli. 2001. The importance of the refeeding syndrome. Nutrition. 17(7–8):632–637.
Donoghue, S. 2006. Nutrition. Pp. 251–298 in Reptile Medicine and Surgery (2nd edition) (D. Mader, ed.). Saunders Elsevier: St. Louis, MO.
Koutsos, E., L. Tell, L. Woods, and K. Klasing. 2003. Adult cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) at maintenance are more sensitive to diets containing excess vitamin A than to vitamin A–deficient diets. Journal of Nutrition. 133(6):1898–1902.
Mader, D. 2006. Gout. Pp. 793–805 in Reptile Medicine and Surgery (2nd edition) (D. Mader, ed.). Saunders Elsevier: St. Louis, MO.
Marinella, M. 2003. The refeeding syndrome and hypophosphatemia. Nutrition Reviews. 61(9):320–323.
Miller, E., and L. Wolf, eds. 2003. NWRA Quick Reference (2nd edition). National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association: St. Cloud, MN.
Mitchell, M. 2006. Therapeutics. Pp. 631–664 in Reptile Medicine and Surgery (2nd edition) (D. Mader, ed.). Saunders Elsevier: St. Louis, MO.
Remillard, R., P. Armstrong, and D. Davenport. 2000. Assisted feeding in hospitalized patients: Enteral and parenteral nutrition. Pp. 351–399 in Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (M. Hand, C. Thatcher, R. Remillard, and P. Roudebush, eds.). Mark Morris Institute: Topeka, KS.
Robbins, C. T. 1993. Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition (2nd edition). Academic Press: San Diego, CA.
Solomon, S., and D. Kirby. 1990. The refeeding syndrome: A review. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 14(1):90–97.
Tseng, F. 2005. Refeeding syndrome: How to avoid killing your patients with kindness. Presented at Wildlife Rehabilitators Association of Massachusetts (WRAM) Conference, Tufts University, February 2005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2006 National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright for articles in this journal is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin and NWRA. Articles published as open-access in this journal are free to use and share with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial purposes. To obtain reprint permission for articles that are not open access, please contact the journal editor.